During which phase of a community's response to disaster are feelings of exhaustion, depression, and despair most common?

The phase of disillusionment occurs after the immediate shock of a disaster has passed, and the reality of the situation sets in. During this phase, individuals and communities often experience a sense of exhaustion and emotional fatigue as they confront the long-term implications of the disaster. Despite initial responses that may involve adrenaline and heightened activity, the aftermath can lead to feelings of depression and despair as the challenges of rebuilding and recovery become apparent. This emotional toll is compounded by unmet expectations, particularly if resources are limited or if help is delayed.

In contrast, the reconstruction phase focuses on rebuilding the community's infrastructure and services, which while challenging, typically comes after the initial shock and despair have begun to lessen. The preparation phase occurs before a disaster, aiming to equip the community with the necessary tools and plans to effectively respond, so feelings of exhaustion and depression are not prevalent. The recovery phase, while also difficult, is centered on regaining stability and returning to a sense of normalcy, where there is often a focus on hope and rebuilding efforts rather than profound despair.